Jane Austen Background Of Her Novels Essays - Jane Austen

Jane Austen: Background of Her Novels First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austen's most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of letters. Jane Austen's own tongue-in-cheek opinion of her work, in a letter to her sister Cassandra immediately after its publication, was: "Upon the whole... I am well satisfied enough. The work is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants [i.e. needs] shade; it wants to be stretched out here and there with a long chapter of sense, if it could be had; if not, of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story: an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott, or the history of Buonapart?, or anything that would form a contrast and bring the reader with increased delight to the playfulness and general epigrammatism of the general style". In 1809 Jane Austen, her mother, sister Cassandra, and Martha Lloyd moved to Chawton, near Alton and Winchester, where her brother Edward provided a small house on one of his estates. This was in Hampshire, not far from her childhood home of Steventon. Before leaving Southampton, she corresponded with the dilatory publisher to whom she had sold Susan (i.e. Northanger Abbey), but without receiving any satisfaction. She resumed her literary activities soon after returning into Hampshire, and revised Sense and Sensibility, which was accepted in late 1810 or early 1811 by a publisher, for publication at her own risk. It appeared anonymously ("By a Lady") in October 1811, and at first only her immediate family knew of her authorship: Fanny Knight's diary for September 28, 1811 records a "Letter from Aunt Cass. to beg we would not mention that Aunt Jane wrote Sense and Sensibility"; and one day in 1812 when Jane Austen and Cassandra and their niece Anna were in a "circulating library" at Alton, Anna threw down a copy of Sense and Sensibility on offer there, "exclaiming to the great amusement of her Aunts who stood by, "Oh that must be rubbish, I am sure from the title."" There were at least two fairly favorable reviews, and the first edition eventually turned a profit of ?140 for her. Encouraged by this success, Jane Austen turned to revising First Impressions, a.k.a. Pride and Prejudice. She sold it in November 1812, and her "own darling child" (as she called it in a letter) was published in late January 1813. She had already started work on Mansfield Park by 1812, and worked on it during 1813. It was during 1813 that knowledge of her authorship started to spread outside her family; as Jane Austen wrote in a letter of September 25th 1813: "Henry heard P. & P. warmly praised in Scotland, by Lady Robert Kerr -- & and what does he do in the warmth of his brotherly vanity and Love, but immediately tell them who wrote it!". Since she had sold the copyright of Pride and Prejudice outright for ?110 (presumably in order to receive a convenient payment up front, rather than having to wait for the profits on sales to trickle in), she did not receive anything more when a second edition was published later in 1813. A second edition of Sense and Sensibility was also published in October 1813. In May 1814, Mansfield Park appeared, and was sold out in six months; she had already started work on Emma. Her brother Henry, who then conveniently lived in London, often acted as Jane Austen's go- between with publishers, and on several occasions she stayed with him in London to revise proof-sheets. In October 1813, one of the Prince Regent's physicians was brought in to treat an illness that Henry was suffering from; it was through this connection that Jane Austen was brought into contact with Mr. Clarke. James Stanier Clarke was the Prince Regent's librarian, and transmitted to her the Prince's request that she dedicate her next work (Emma) to him, an honour that Jane Austen would probably rather have done without (see her letter on the infidelities of the Prince and his wife). Some of Mr. Clarke's "helpful" suggestions showed up in the Plan for a Novel. [More complete versions of these letters, as

Easy Problem Solving Essay Topics

Easy Problem Solving Essay TopicsPreparing a simple problem solving essay topic is much easier when you are aware of the major points to be discussed. Choosing essay topics that have a solution is the best way to create interest in your writing. Unfortunately, there are not many college essay writing guidelines about how to select problem solving essay topics. In this article, you will find ideas to get you started.The first step to choosing an easy problem solving essay topics is to develop your own list of topics. Asking yourself questions such as, what do I like to read? or even, what is the most recent book I have read? These questions will help you become familiar with the different sources of information that may affect your writing and these tips can also be incorporated into your essay topic selection.The next step in essay topic selection is to talk to people who have experienced the topic you are choosing to write about. The more you know about the topic, the better you wil l be able to write the topic. Try to talk to other college students who have been writing for the past year or so about their writing experiences. You may even want to get help from these students to figure out some of the hard issues that they have faced in writing the essays.After you have narrowed down the problems you want to write about, start researching information on those subjects. You can find important information at the library, online sources, or reading books on a subject to gain additional knowledge. It will be worth your time to find out what people who have written about the subject you want to write about had to say about it.In order to create interest in your essay topic, you must give the reader something that they can use. Many of the topics that I recommend for easy essay topics are things people have done before they came to college that is important to know for example, you may want to write about what others have done to improve their health or other valuabl e knowledge. Make sure you take time to research and make sure that your essay topic has some sort of point that will benefit the reader.By starting with an easy problem solving essay topic, it will make the entire writing process easier and less stressful. There is no need to worry about choosing something that is not specific enough for your topic because you can still be creative and experiment with different topics. You can also use problem solving essay topics to explain how you learned something new that is important to add to your thesis statement.You may want to write more than one essay topics if the situation calls for it. Try to follow some of the steps above to prepare your essays. Also, I would highly recommend that you spend some time at least one day a week doing research. Do not worry if you cannot get ahead as quickly as some of the other students because this is going to give you practice and knowledge on how to be successful in your essay writing project.The first and most important thing is to have fun writing essays. Although there are many rules about essay topics and essay writing, there are no rules about being relaxed and having fun. Start with a basic idea and follow the tips above and you will be writing great essays in no time.

USS Reprisal (CV-35) in World War II

USS Reprisal (CV-35) in World War II USS Reprisal (CV-35) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Aircraft Carrier Shipyard:  New York Naval Shipyard Laid Down: July 1, 1944 Launched:  May 14, 1945 Commissioned: N/A Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1949 USS Reprisal (CV-35) - Specifications (planned): Displacement:  27,100 tons Length:  872 ft. Beam:  93 ft. (waterline) Draft:  28 ft., 5 in. Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed:  33 knots Complement: 2,600 men USS Reprisal (CV-35) - Armament (planned): 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft (planned): 90-100 aircraft USS Reprisal (CV-35) - A New Design: Developed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys  Lexington- and  Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were designed to meet the restrictions enacted by the  Washington Naval Treaty. This limited the tonnage of different types of warships as well as placed a ceiling on each signatory’s total tonnage. These limitations were expanded and refined by the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As the international situation deteriorated in the following years, Japan and Italy abandoned the treaty structure in 1936. With the implosion of the treaty system, the US Navy worked to design a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which pulled from the lessons learned from the  Yorktown-class. The resulting ship was wider and longer as well as incorporated a deck-edge elevator system. This technology had been employed earlier on  USS  Wasp  (CV-7). In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new class possessed a greatly enlarged anti-aircraft armament. Construction began on t he lead ship,  USS  Essex  (CV-9), on April 28, 1941. In the wake of the US entry into  World War II following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the  Essex-class became the US Navys standard design for fleet carriers. The first four ships after  Essex adhered to the class original design. In early 1943, the US Navy made several alterations to enhance future ships. The most noticeable of these changes was the lengthening the bow to a clipper design which allowed for the inclusion of two quadruple 40 mm gun mounts. Other alterations included moving the combat information center below the armored deck, improved aviation fuel and ventilation systems, a second catapult on the flight deck, and an additional fire control director. Though referred to as the long-hull  Essex-class or  Ticonderoga-class by some, the US Navy made no distinction between these and the earlier  Essex-class ships. USS Reprisal (CV-35) - Construction: The initial vessel to begin construction with the revised  Essex-class design was USS  Hancock  (CV-14) which was later re-designated Ticonderoga.   A multitude of additional carriers followed including USS Reprisal (CV-35).   Laid down on July 1, 1944, work on Reprisal began at the New York Naval Shipyard.   Named for the brig USS Reprisal which saw service in the American Revolution, work on the new ship moved ahead into 1945.   As the spring wore on and the end of the war neared, it became increasing clear that the new ship would not be needed.   During the course of the war, the US Navy had ordered thirty-two Essex-class ships.   While six were eliminated before construction commenced, two, Reprisal and  USS Iwo Jima (CV-46), were canceled after work had begun.   On August 12, the US Navy formally halted work on Reprisal with the ship listed as 52.3% complete.   The following May, the hull was launched without fanfare in order to clear Dry Dock #6.   Towed to Bayonne, NJ, Reprisal remained there for two years until being moved to the Chesapeake Bay.   There it was used for a variety of explosive testing including assessing  bomb damage in magazines.   In January 1949, the US Navy inspected the hull with an eye towards completing the ship as an attack aircraft carrier.   These plans came to nothing and Reprisal was sold for scrap on August 2.          Selected Sources DANFS: USS Reprisal (CV-35)NavSource: USS Reprisal (CV-35)U-boat: USS Reprisal (CV-35)

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay Example for Free (#1920)

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay Employers were working fewer hours however were being paid more. This therefore meant industrial goods produced were also increasing. American’s had more time for leisure and more money so electrical labour-saving devices were being introduced becoming affordable by many people. Motor cars eased travel to and from work as well as for leisure pursuits. It was the golden age for cinema and sport attracted vast crowds. Reasons for prosperity: government policies Calvin Coolidge stated ‘the chief business of the American people is business. ’ This was his government policy to let business operate as far as possible, free of regulation. Andrew Mellon and him believed wealth filtered down naturally to all classes and to ensure increased living standards for all was to allow the rich to continue make money to invest in industrial development which therefore meant more job opportunities, more wage earners, more consumption etc. this policy was laissez-faire but the government intervened to support business in 4 ways: Fordney-McCumber Act 1922 à ¯ raised tariffs to cover difference between domestic and foreign production costs Cheaper to buy goods from USA than abroad Tariff level à ¯ foreign goods more expensive than USA even though produced cheaper in USA Foreign trade reduced = domestic demand for goods high Government reduced federal taxes – 1924, 1926 and 1928 (benefited wealthy) Aim à ¯ reduced national debt, federal tax cuts = meant little to poor as not able to pay taxes Federal Trade Commission à ¯ unable and unwilling to operate effectively causing businesses unhindered Coolidge à ¯ avoided involvement in foreign affairs due to budget cutting an recognition that Americans didn’t want to see troops getting caught up in foreign disputes. This meant that investors would favour profit ever over ethical concerns Technical advances in industrial production made increases in quantity and variety of products This industry grew dramatically in the 1920s. It was the largest for commodities. Previously cars had only been for the wealthy but Ford wanted the ordinary to be able to afford one Effects of growth in car ownership: Ford thought this would strengthen traditional American values but it led to: By 1929, motor industry employed 7% of all workers and paid them 9% of all wages Closure of Ford à ¯ factor to recession of 1927 Loss of business by companies providing components to Ford real problems in economy Breaking of laissez-faire à ¯ federal government expend on road building in 1920s Federal Highway Act 1921 à ¯ responsibility for road building to central government and highways. Construction = 10,000 miles per year by 1929 Chief Designer in Bureau of Public Roads 1936 à ¯ roads built unfit for use because of amount of traffic Motor vehicles à ¯ new service industries e.g. garages, petrol stations etc. Improved transportation = new opportunities for industry New technology = large scale development of labour saving devices as cheaper to produce Serious over production = problems in economy Large corporations manufacturing business = could invest in and exploit raw materials of USA on vast scale Large corporations could dominate industry by: Operating cartel (group of companies agreeing to fix output and prices to reduce competition and maximise profits). Although illegal, government accepted which involved exploitation of raw materials, retail outlets etc. Some organisations were able to adapt to holding companies which resulted in firms competing against each other Increased size of businesses à ¯ complex to manage = different management roles by different people in administration Management science, occupation for upper class = indication harder to start own company Advertising and salesmanship: Cinema Millions of cinema-goers to copy lifestyle of stars meant potential for advertising was enormous Began with KDKA station which announced results in 1920 elections Radio’s controlled by 2 companies with a vast audience Growth in industrial production needed a continuous market in order to fuel the boom as people needed to be convinced to buy things frequently. An aspect of a campaign needed to be bought in which would differentiate between one’s product and that of the competitors to promote unique selling point. Advertising techniques worked for many consumers. Massive consumer boom was financed largely by easy credit facilities 1929 à ¯ $7 billion goods were sold on credit – 75% of cars and half of major household appliances Availability of credit meant borrowers took on debts which they could not repay High tariffs were used to protect US markets however the government also encouraged businessmen to develop extensive interests abroad in terms of raw materials that fuelled technological developments. US exported vast amounts of manufactured products. In the 1920s with almost full employment, low inflation, high tariffs keeping foreign goods out of USA, benevolent government policies and a consumer boom the prosperity would go on forever. Causes of the boom years in the 1920s. (2017, Sep 01).

Do We Live in a World of Media Infotainment And Melodramatic Reportage Essay

Do We Live in a World of Media Infotainment And Melodramatic Reportage - Essay Example It is in the context of this process that infotainment has been expanded in countries worldwide. The above process is related to the limitation of national media cultures and the establishment of media rules and ethics that are common in all countries – at least those being affected by the particular media system. In other words, infotainment reflects the trend for the promotion of a global media culture (Thussu 2007, p.68). Melodramatic reportage has been another aspect of the above trend, supporting – like infotainment – the promotion of common media ethics and rules for all countries worldwide. In order to understand the level at which media infotainment is currently developed worldwide, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the characteristics and the content of the particular term, i.e. to show the activities and ideas that the above term incorporates. In accordance with Kellner (2003) ‘infotainment discloses a synergy between information technol ogies and multimedia which combine entertainment and information’ (Kellner 2003, p.14). In other words, infotainment incorporates two different media roles, the provision of information and the entertainment. The combination of these roles can lead to a dynamic media concept, being able to attract the interest of people of different ages and social classes. Various explanations have been given in the literature regarding the expansion of infotainment. In accordance with Lange (1999) the increase of competition in media has led to the alteration of the content and the structure of news programmes; instead of focusing on political news, media emphasizes on ‘human interest stories’ (Lange 1999, p.27). It is... This essay approves that the role of infotainment in the above case has been clear: attracting the attention of the British people away from the government’s decisions, gathering funds for supporting various public activities and improving the relationship between the British public and the monarchy. The above fact shows that infotainment can have different aspects, influencing the views of the public on various political and social activities. The specific role of infotainment has been made clearer in the case of celebrities’ crimes. In such cases, infotainment has three distinctive roles: to provide information on the crime committed, to prevent public from developing similar behavior and to entertain – at the level that the crime committed is used as a chance for focusing on the private life of the celebrity involved – for example the case of Lindsay Lohan, as analyzed below. This phenomenon is more intense in developed countries – where the fund s invested on media advertising are quite high. This report makes a conclusion that the expansion of media infotainment and melodramatic reportage in most countries internationally cannot be doubted. In fact, the review of two specific news texts – related to media infotainment – proved that the approach used by journalists when presenting a particular story is highly differentiated compared to the past. Of course, the role of the media infotainment in the increase of publicity of a particular event cannot be doubted.

An entrepreneurial viewpoint ( F ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An entrepreneurial viewpoint ( F ) - Essay Example Since I am a normal human I used intuition to execute decisions daily, however, as noted Flora (2007:68) this can lead to risk blindness and complacency. Besides, I came to learn that I could clearly utilize rule based reasoning which is characterized to being logical, deliberate, and being used to justify to other persons what needs to be done. Since I was a risk taker I did not experience problems with lateral thinking. This is because I had the capability to solve problems by means of indirect and creative approach, by making use of reasoning that is not directly obvious and incorporating ideas that may not be obtainable when using only traditional step-by-step logic. Flora (2007) asserts that a view shared by de Bono asserts that lateral thinking on purposefully distances itself from standard perceptions of creativity as either vertical logic or horizontal imagination. What I have learnt about myself is that since I exhibit appropriate entrepreneurial attributes. I am better suit ed to working in a conventionally structured organization, with conventional management

Lord of the Flies by Golding Essays -- Papers

Lord of the Flies by Golding In "Lord of the Flies", Golding suggests that once man is freed from social conditioning and obligation, the intrinsic sense of evil will be revealed in him. He destroys the optimistic view of human nature by showing how even the most innocent of all - children can deteriorate into primitive savages once freed from the trappings of society. This view, that man is capable of gross wickedness, is central to the whole novel. It is revealed through Simon's conversation with the imaginary Lord of the Flies when he realises that the real beast is one that exists in all the boys. However, Golding also shows that if man is willing to recognise the evil potential in his nature, he will able to curb his own evil instincts. It is important to note how much the boys manage to achieve before their inner fears destroy their sense of responsibility and reason, that is, before the boys finally succumb to savagery and violence. They discover fire, they build shelters (albeit prone to collapsing!), they explore the island, they go on hunting trips, and they delegate social responsibilities. Initially, one would be inclined to think that Jack's leadership is a poor one as he relies on brute strength. However, Jack is shrewd enough to know that the boys' survival is as important as rescue. Food has to be hunted; emotional needs (which Ralph tries to deny) have to be satisfied. Also, Piggy, Ralph and Simon serve as reminders in the novel that there remains much to be admired in mankind. Each of them displays positive qualities of wisdom and goodness in their own way. For all his physical weaknesses like asthma, my... ... and remain virtuous. In some cases, like Simon, he is able to be uphold his moral values even without any pressure from society. For some others like Ralph and Piggy who represent the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve, well-meaning, simple side of man, there is a tendency to slip into the region of 'badness' though most of the time they are able to be 'good'. Although Golding seems to present a bleak view of human nature, he does give the reader some hope for the future at the end of the book. This is shown in the new knowledge that Ralph has acquired. Unlike Simon and Piggy who have died, Ralph is given the chance to live on and to hopefully, use his new-found knowledge to influence the people around him. With his increased awareness of human nature and his experiences, Ralph will be able to live on the legacy of Simon and Piggy.